Medical Conditions in focus
Pulmonary emphysema
Pulmonary emphysema is a chronic lung disease in which the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs are irreversibly damaged. The delicate air sacs responsible for the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide lose their elasticity and become abnormally enlarged. This makes it difficult for oxygen to be absorbed into the blood, and breathing becomes increasingly impaired.
Typical symptoms of pulmonary emphysema include persistent shortness of breath, especially during physical exertion and a feeling of tightness in the chest. As the disease progresses, shortness of breath can also occur during periods of rest, which can significantly impact quality of life.
Assessment and diagnosis
To diagnose pulmonary emphysema, we perform a comprehensive examination in our practice. In addition to a physical examination, the lung function test and blood gas analysis is key. With these tests, we measure the lung’s ability to take in air and oxygen. In advanced cases, we may also use imaging techniques such as X-rays or computed tomography (CT) to visualize the extent of lung damage.
As emphysema is often associated with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), a detailed assessment is important in order to determine the exact course of the disease and the extent of the damage.
Treatment options
Pulmonary emphysema cannot be cured, but with individualized therapy, the disease can be controlled and its progression slowed. One of the most important measures is smoking cessation to prevent further damage to the lungs.
To alleviate breathing difficulties, inhaled medications are typically used to widen the airways and reduce inflammation. In advanced stages of the disease, oxygen therapy may be necessary to ensure the body’s oxygen supply.
For more severe cases where conventional therapy is no longer sufficient, we work closely with specialized external centers. Here, endoscopic or surgical procedures may be used, such as lung volume reduction, where overstretched areas of the lung are reduced to improve respiratory function and quality of life.