Medical Conditions in focus
Inhaled allergies
Inhaled allergies are hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system to substances that we breathe in, such as pollen, house dust mites, animal hair or mould spores. These allergens can enter the respiratory tract and lead to symptoms such as sneezing, runny or blocked nose, watery eyes, coughing, shortness of breath and hay fever. In some people, these symptoms can develop over time into allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma.
Assessment
The diagnosis of an inhaled allergy involves several steps. The most common tests include:
- Skin tests (prick test): Small amounts of the allergenic substances are injected into the skin to test whether a reaction occurs.
- Blood tests: This involves looking for specific antibodies against allergens (IgE) in the blood.
- Lung function tests: If allergic asthma is suspected, lung function tests are carried out to check airway function.
Treatment options
The treatment of inhaled allergies usually involves several approaches, depending on the type and severity of the symptoms:
Avoidance
The most important measure is to reduce exposure to allergens, e.g. by using anti-mite covers, dust protection, pollen filters or pet-free zones.
Medication:
- Antihistamines: These medications relieve acute symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and itching.
- Nasal sprays or inhalations with corticosteroids: They help to reduce inflammation in the airways.
- Inhalation medication: These dilate the airways to prevent breathlessness and coughing and reduce inflammation.
Allergy immunotherapy (desensitisation)
Specific immunotherapy can be considered for more severe allergies. This involves gradually familiarising the immune system with the allergen in order to achieve a long-term reduction in symptoms